The camera obscura
This is a picture of the first camera ever invented. Alhazen (Ibn Al-Haytham), a great authority on optics in the Middle Ages who lived around 1000AD, invented the first pinhole camera.Which is called the camera obscura.
In its most basic form it is, quite simply, a dark room with a small hole in one wall. On the wall opposite the hole, an image is formed of whatever is outside. This image is upside-down (inverted) and back to front (laterally transposed). The size of the hole has a great effect on the picture that is being projected. A small hole produces a sharp image, which is dim, while a larger hole produces a brighter picture which is less well focused. This happens because light travels in straight lines, a property known as the rectilinear propagation of light.
The first permanent photograph
The First Photograph, or more specifically, the world's first permanent photograph from nature, was taken by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1826 or 1827. The image depicts the view from an upstairs window at Niépce's estate, Le Gras, in the Burgundy region of France. Niépce's invention represents the origin of today's photography, film, and other media arts.